{"id":41166,"date":"2023-04-05T08:24:55","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T06:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/jak-se-kun-alexandra-velikeho-bukefalos-stal-legendou\/"},"modified":"2023-04-05T08:24:55","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T06:24:55","slug":"jak-se-kun-alexandra-velikeho-bukefalos-stal-legendou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/jak-se-kun-alexandra-velikeho-bukefalos-stal-legendou\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak se k\u016f\u0148 Alexandra Velik\u00e9ho, Bukefalos, stal legendou?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V d\u011bjin\u00e1ch se objevili velc\u00ed kon\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u00edskali sl\u00e1vu a ovlivnili b\u011bh d\u011bjin. Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch kon\u00ed byl <strong>Bukefalos, k\u016f\u0148 makedonsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Alexandra Velik\u00e9ho<\/strong>. Jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy a v\u00fdboje zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee <strong>jeho jm\u00e9no je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong>. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem jejich \u00fasp\u011bchu byl v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd vztah, kter\u00fd je spojoval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bukefalos byl vran\u00edk, kter\u00fd platil za nedosa\u017eiteln\u00e9ho pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 jezdce. Starov\u011bk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 prameny uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee <strong>Bukefalos pat\u0159il k \u201enejlep\u0161\u00edmu thesalsk\u00e9mu plemeni\u201c<\/strong>. Poch\u00e1zel z \u0159eck\u00e9 krajiny Thes\u00e1lie le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na jih od Makedonie. Byl mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm a siln\u00fdm kon\u011bm, kter\u00fd p\u0159itahoval pozornost. Jeho jm\u00e9no poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159e\u010dtiny a znamen\u00e1 \u201e<strong>b\u00fdkohlav\u00fd<\/strong>\u201c. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee vzniklo podle znamen\u00ed na lopatce ve tvaru b\u00fd\u010d\u00ed hlavy nebo podle samotn\u00e9ho tvaru hlavy kon\u011b. Podle pov\u011bst\u00ed byl mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm a inteligentn\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159etem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u016fvodn\u011b m\u011bl tento k\u016f\u0148 slou\u017eit Alexandrovu otci, Filipovi II. Ten v\u0161ak od n\u011bj upustil kv\u016fli <strong>divokosti a probl\u00e9m\u016fm s jeho zkrocen\u00edm<\/strong>. Tehdy je\u0161t\u011b nezletil\u00fd Alexandr prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee divok\u00e9ho kon\u011b zkrotit. Jeho otec mu v\u0161ak dal podm\u00ednku \u2013 pokud se mu to poda\u0159\u00ed, dostane zv\u00ed\u0159e darem, a pokud ne, bude si ho muset koupit s\u00e1m. Alexandr v s\u00e1zce zv\u00edt\u011bzil, kdy\u017e si v\u0161iml, \u017ee se k\u016f\u0148 <strong>boj\u00ed sv\u00e9ho st\u00ednu<\/strong>. Tehdy ho obr\u00e1til sm\u011brem ke slunci a snadno na n\u011bj nasedl. Filip musel kon\u011b koupit za z\u00e1vratnou cenu 13 talent\u016f. Schopnost pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a dovednost zvl\u00e1dat obt\u00ed\u017enou situaci, kter\u00e9 Alexandr prok\u00e1zal, upoutaly pozornost kr\u00e1le Filipa, kter\u00fd pochopil, \u017ee jeho syn m\u00e1 v sob\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedno z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed prav\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e si Alexandr objednal jezdeck\u00fd portr\u00e9t u slavn\u00e9ho mal\u00ed\u0159e Apella, kr\u00e1l nevyj\u00e1d\u0159il s v\u00fdsledkem spokojenost. Tehdy se mal\u00ed\u0159 rozhodl p\u0159iv\u00e9st Bukefala do sv\u00e9 d\u00edlny, a kdy\u017e <strong>k\u016f\u0148 uvid\u011bl sv\u016fj odraz, za\u0159ehtal p\u00fdchou<\/strong>. Mal\u00ed\u0159 pak Alexandrovi \u0159ekl: \u201eVid\u00ed\u0161, k\u016f\u0148 se vyzn\u00e1 v um\u011bn\u00ed mnohem l\u00e9pe ne\u017e ty.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o tom, \u017ee b\u011bhem asijsk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed <strong>byl Bukefalos unesen<\/strong> lupi\u010di z kmene Mard\u016f. Alexandr, kter\u00fd u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve byl jejich po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm roz\u010dilen, proti nim vedl trestnou v\u00fdpravu. Po p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee jejich zem\u011b budou zni\u010deny a obyvatel\u00e9 pobiti, <strong>byl Bukefalos vr\u00e1cen s dary a omluvami pro kmenov\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bukefalos byl v\u017edy Alexandrov\u00fdm druhem b\u011bhem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch ta\u017een\u00ed. <\/strong>B\u011bhem bitev kopal a kousal nep\u0159\u00e1tele, byl nepostradateln\u00fd p\u0159i dlouh\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b a tak\u00e9 beze strachu vstupoval na ka\u017ed\u00fd ter\u00e9n spolu se sv\u00fdm majitelem. N\u011bkolikr\u00e1t tak\u00e9 zachr\u00e1nil Alexandrovi Velik\u00e9mu \u017eivot. Bukefalos se z\u00fa\u010dastnil mimo jin\u00e9 velk\u00e9 bitvy u Th\u00e9b, u Chair\u00f3neie, u \u0159eky Gran\u00edkos, u Gaugam\u00e9l a u Ipsu. Navzdory utr\u017een\u00fdm zran\u011bn\u00edm k\u016f\u0148 v\u017edy hou\u017eevnat\u011b a hrd\u011b setrv\u00e1val u Alexandra a byl p\u0159ipraven na dal\u0161\u00ed bitvy. Alexandr se zase o sv\u00e9ho kon\u011b staral s mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou pe\u010dlivost\u00ed a \u00factou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>K\u016f\u0148 s n\u00edm dorazil dokonce a\u017e do Indie, kde zem\u0159el na n\u00e1sledky utr\u017een\u00fdch ran roku 326 p\u0159. n. l.<\/strong> u \u0159eky Hydasp\u00e9s. Posledn\u00edmi silami v\u0161ak dovezl sv\u00e9ho p\u00e1na na bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Alexandr pro n\u011bj uspo\u0159\u00e1dal slavnostn\u00ed poh\u0159eb a osobn\u011b vedl smute\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fvod. Nechal mu dokonce vystav\u011bt hrobku. <strong>Jedno z m\u011bst, kter\u00e9 zalo\u017eil, pojmenoval Bukefala<\/strong>, co\u017e je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed Phalia nebo D\u017ehelam v p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9m Pa\u0148d\u017e\u00e1bu. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee se k\u016f\u0148 do\u017eil 30 let, a s\u00e1m Alexandr III. Makedonsk\u00fd <strong>p\u0159e\u017eil sv\u00e9ho slavn\u00e9ho kon\u011b jen o 3 roky.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bukefalos se stal symbolem s\u00edly, odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed a jednoty,<\/strong> kter\u00e9 charakterizovaly Makedonce pod Alexandrov\u00fdm veden\u00edm. Kult Bukefala a Alexandra se stal natolik popul\u00e1rn\u00edm, \u017ee se po nich od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho dobyvatele o\u010dek\u00e1valo, aby m\u011bl obl\u00edben\u00e9ho kon\u011b. Julius Caesar jednoho m\u011bl, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdst\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Caligula, kter\u00fd kolem sv\u00e9ho kon\u011b Incitata d\u011blal velk\u00fd rozruch \u2013 po\u0159\u00e1dal mu narozeniny, jezdil na n\u011bm v Alexandrov\u011b zbroji a pl\u00e1noval z n\u011bj u\u010dinit konzula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V sou\u010dasnosti se Bukefalos stal symbolem v\u011brn\u00e9ho kon\u011b i synonymem vzpurn\u00e9ho kon\u011b <\/strong>\u2013 tzv. \u201eohniv\u00e9ho o\u0159e\u201c. Je jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kon\u00ed v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch a modern\u00ed masov\u00e1 kultura tohoto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho h\u0159ebce \u010dasto zmi\u0148uje. <strong>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed panovn\u00edk v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u2013 Alexandr Makedonsk\u00fd, zvan\u00fd Velik\u00fd, musel m\u00edt nejlep\u0161\u00edho kon\u011b, a t\u00edm byl pr\u00e1v\u011b Bukefalos.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u00edlech kultury je Bukefalos jm\u00e9nem kon\u011b Reynarta de Bois-Fresnes \u2013 fiktivn\u00ed postavy ze s\u00e1gy o zakl\u00edna\u010di, jej\u00edm\u017e tituln\u00edm hrdinou je Geralt z Rivie. Bukefalos je tak\u00e9 k\u016f\u0148 c\u00edsa\u0159e Morey v rom\u00e1nov\u00e9 s\u00e9rii Syn zr\u00e1dce kanadsk\u00e9ho spisovatele Milese Camerona. Toto jm\u00e9no nese rovn\u011b\u017e o\u0159 Ozymandiase ze seri\u00e1lu Watchmen a tak\u00e9 k\u016f\u0148 tituln\u00edho hrdiny z filmu Dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed barona Pr\u00e1\u0161ila (M\u00fcnchhausena). Objevuje se tak\u00e9 v adventu\u0159e \u201eBroken Sword: The Shadow of the Templars\u201c z roku 1996, kde se jedna z postav odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na dostihov\u00e9ho kon\u011b, o kter\u00e9m \u010dte v novin\u00e1ch, jako na \u201eznovuzrozen\u00e9ho Bukefala\u201c. Symbolick\u00fd n\u00e1zev \u201eBukefalos\u201c nese tak\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00fd kolov\u00fd obrn\u011bn\u00fd transport\u00e9r typu BTR-4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V d\u011bjin\u00e1ch se objevili velc\u00ed kon\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u00edskali sl\u00e1vu a ovlivnili b\u011bh d\u011bjin. Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch kon\u00ed byl Bukefalos, k\u016f\u0148<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2029],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jezdecke-discipliny"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/balotade.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kon-bucefal.jpg?fit=800%2C400&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41166\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/balotade.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}